Abstract

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) has issued guidelines for the governance of digital platforms in order to protect and promote freedom of expression and access to information online. These mandatory guidelines emphasize the importance of a multi-stakeholder approach in addressing issues such as disinformation, misinformation, hate speech, and conspiracy theories. Consultation of over 10,000 comments from 134 countries has been involved, with a focus on inclusive participation to ensure diverse voices are heard, particularly from marginalized and vulnerable groups.